MechasFluid
ENERGY LINE AND HYDRAULIC GRADE LINE
Saturday, 30 May 2015 | 06:41 | 0 comment(s)
Energy
Line (EL)
Energy line (EL) shows total head for a certain
cross section in system.
For a fluid flow without any losses due to friction (major losses) or components (minor losses) - the energy line would be at a constant level. In a practical world the energy line decreases along the flow due to loses.
A turbine in the flow reduces the energy line and a pump or fan in the line increases the energy line.
Hydraulic Grade Line (HGL)
Hydraulic Grade Line (HGL) shows piezometric head for a certain cross section in system. The Hydraulic Grade Line is a line representing the total head available to the fluid - minus the velocity head and can be expressed as:
The Hydraulic Grade Line lies one velocity head below the energy line.
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Example 4
Example 5
Conclusion
- Energy Line always higher or same level with Hydraulic Grade Line.
- The difference between 2 line is the values of kinetic energy head,
- Major losses – cause Energy Line and Hydraulic Grade Line to decrease gradually
- Minor losses – cause Energy Line and Hydraulic Grade Line to decrease rapidly.
- Use of pump – Lines increased immediately
- Use of turbine – Lines decrease immediately
CONCLUSION
Piping systems are documented in piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs). If necessary, pipes can be cleaned by the tube cleaning process. Within industry, piping is a system of pipes used to convey fluids (liquids and gases) from one location to another. The engineering discipline of piping design studies the efficient transport of fluid.
"Piping" sometimes refers to Piping Design, the detailed specification of the physical piping layout within a process plant or commercial building. In earlier days, this was sometimes called Drafting, Technical drawing, Engineering Drawing, and Design but is today commonly performed by Designers who have learned to use automated Computer Aided Drawing / Computer Aided Design (CAD) software.
Plumbing is a piping system with which most people are familiar, as it constitutes the form of fluid transportation that is used to provide potable water and fuels to their homes and businesses. Plumbing pipes also remove waste in the form of sewage, and allow venting of sewage gases to the outdoors. Fire sprinkler systems also use piping, and may transport nonpotable or potable water, or other fire-suppression fluids.
Piping also has many other industrial applications, which are crucial for moving raw and semi-processed fluids for refining into more useful products. Some of the more exotic materials of construction are Inconel, titanium, chrome-moly and various other steel alloys.
REFERENCES
-Çengel, A. Yusof. Cimbala, M. John (2014). Fluid Mechanics. Singapore: Mc Graw Hill Education
-Douglas J. F. 2005. Fluid Mechanics. Pearson 5th Edition.
-Sturm T. W. 2001. Open Channel Hydraulics; McGraw-Hill. UK.
-Jain S. C. 2001. Open Channel Flow. John Wiley & Sons.
-Chin D.A. 2000. Water Resources Engineering. Prentice Hall.
-Subramanya K., 1997. Flow in Open Channels. Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi.
-Fluid Mechanics Module, Penerbit UTHM, Noor Aliza Ahmad, Roslinda Seswoya & Zarina Md Al
-(2009, Nov). Fluid Mechanics. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluid_mechanics
-(2015,May). Pipe network analysis. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipe_network_analysis
-(2011, June). Branching pipe. Retrieved from http://www.unimasr.net/
-(2010, August). Pipe in series and parallel. Retrieved from http://nptel.ac.in/courses/112104118/lecture-36/36-1_flow_through_branched_pipe.htm
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